A Human Security Approach to Illicit Trafficking in a Post-Pandemic North Africa

Alexandria Reid, Mark Williams, ‘A Human Security Approach to Illicit Trafficking in a Post-Pandemic North Africa’, Institute Per Gli Study Di Politica Internazionale (ISPI), May 2020.

So-called ‘illicit economies’ have existed in North Africa for hundreds, if not thousands, of years. It is in this region - perhaps more than anywhere else in the world - that the line between licit and illicit trade is blurred. Many ‘transnational’ smuggling routes predate the very borders they transgress.

In this context, the most important drivers of illicit trade in the region are structural, economic and political, not ‘porous’ borders.

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